Antifragility: a useful concept for ecology and restoration?

Understanding how ecological communities and ecosystems respond to perturbations is a pressing research need in ecology.Currently, the focus is largely on assessing resilience, which is often measured as the speed with which a system returns to the initial state after a disturbance or how much disturbance it can withstand without losing its properties.However, many systems do not return to an undisturbed state and experience continued perturbations.Assessing a system's performance under perturbations is thus needed.A concept of antifragility which refers to systems performing better under perturbations than in their absence may be useful for ecology and restoration and could complement the concept of resilience.