Examining the (lack of) evidence on physical activity for paternal postnatal depression: A call to action

Previous research has linked physical activity to a reduced risk of postnatal depressive symptoms in mothers. Despite up to 13% of fathers experiencing postnatal depressive symptoms, little is known about the association with physical activity in fathers. This study aimed to systematically examine the evidence investigating the association between physical activity and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms, and provide suggestions to support advancing the field. A systematic search of original research articles investigating the association between physical activity and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms was conducted using six electronic databases in October 2021 and updated in June 2023. A total of two intervention studies (both randomized controlled trials) were identified. Neither study focused specifically on physical activity but both found that lifestyle-based training had a positive effect on antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in fathers. Research investigating the association between physical activity and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms is scarce. Fathers are a target group who are likely to benefit from alternative/adjunct mental health strategies such as physical activity, therefore future research investigating physical activity and its association with paternal postnatal depressive symptoms is urgently needed.