Indicators of barley grain quality depending on mineral fertilizers and foliar plant nutrition

The studies were carried out in the Republic of Mordovia in the central part of the river floodplain Sivin on alluvial slightly acidic (5.3) medium humus (5.5%) soil in 2020–2022. The studied factors influenced the size (weight of 1000 grains) and fulfillment (nature) of barley grain. On average, according to the experiment, the application of fertilizers increased the weight of 1000 grains by 3.10 g or 8.18%, and foliar feeding by 2.50 g or 6.51%, respectively. The largest weight of 1000 grains was obtained with the variant at a dose of N60P60K60 and foliar fertilizing with the liquid fertilizer “AzotKaliy” at a dose of 4 l/ha (41.7 g). An increase in fertilizers at a dose of N90Р90К90 and foliar feeding of the liquid fertilizer “AzotKaliy” at a dose of 6 l/ha did not contribute to a further increase in this indicator. The highest grain yield was in the variants with fertilizer application in the amount of N60Р60К60 – 551–566 g/l, especially with foliar feeding in the amount of 4 l/ha (566 g/l). In all variants of the experiment, the grain content exceeded the values of the basic indicators (530 g/l). It was found out that as a result of the studies carried out, the protein content in barley grain was uniquely dependent on the nature of the grain. Larger grains tend to contain more endosperm and protein. Foliar feeding of plants with the nitrogen-potassium liquid fertilizer, on average, over three years had a positive effect on the protein content in barley grain, increasing the studied indicator by 0.56–1.36%. The fiber content in the studied barley grain samples was low and amounted to 3.86–4.47%, depending on the experimental variant. This is due to the good nature of the barley grain (532–568 g/l).