Marrubin natural immunomodulator: Studies on the suppressive effect on phagocytic nitric oxide and pharmacokinetic prediction

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body.This can cause damage to organs and tissues and result in various inflammatory diseases.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the naturally occurring compound Marrubin (1R,4S,8S,9R,10R,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl) ethyl]-9- hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo [6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one, which have been extensively studied for its biological properties.Immunomodulation studies were conducted using various techniques, including cell-based assay, spectrophotometry, chemiluminescence, and predictive analyses using web-based tools.Results indicated that MBN slightly suppressed superoxide anion production by 22.85%, MBN exhibited no inhibition of the myeloperoxidase-dependent pathway-producing hypochlorite anion, with an IC 50 value of >100 µg/ml.Additionally, MBN demonstrated significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by 40.7% at 25 µg/ml and IC 50 value of 35 µg/ml.Furthermore, MBN exhibited no cellular toxicity, with an IC 50 value of >25 µg/ml, tested on 3T3 fibroblast cell lines.Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic prediction studies indicated high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption.Additionally, no toxicity was predicted against normal cell lines also.MBN was predicted to possess anticancer effects on various cancer cell lines.In conclusion, this study highlights the moderate biological potential of Marrubin at a tested concentration of 25 µg/ml.However, MBN's cytotoxicity results suggest that if, the concentration is increased above 25 µg/ml keeping in view the toxicity profile, desirable results can be achieved reflecting the immunomodulating potential of the molecule.