Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mi>D</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>) flux are presented. The measurements are based on <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:mn>21</c:mn><c:mo>×</c:mo><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mn>10</c:mn></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>6</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:mrow></c:math> <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mrow><e:mi>D</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mi>D</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math> flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mrow><i:mi>p</i:mi></i:mrow></i:math>, <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mrow><k:mmultiscripts><k:mrow><k:mi>He</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mprescripts/><k:none/><k:mrow><k:mn>3</k:mn></k:mrow></k:mmultiscripts></k:mrow></k:math>, and <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><m:mrow><m:mmultiscripts><m:mrow><m:mi>He</m:mi></m:mrow><m:mprescripts/><m:none/><m:mrow><m:mn>4</m:mn></m:mrow></m:mmultiscripts></m:mrow></m:math> fluxes. Above 4.5 GV, the <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><o:mrow><o:mi>D</o:mi><o:mo>/</o:mo><o:mrow><o:mmultiscripts><o:mrow><o:mi>He</o:mi></o:mrow><o:mprescripts/><o:none/><o:mrow><o:mn>4</o:mn></o:mrow></o:mmultiscripts></o:mrow></o:mrow></o:math> flux ratio is time independent and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><q:mrow><q:mo>∝</q:mo><q:msup><q:mrow><q:mi>R</q:mi></q:mrow><q:mrow><q:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</q:mi></q:mrow></q:msup></q:mrow></q:math> with <t:math xmlns:t="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><t:mrow><t:msub><t:mrow><t:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</t:mi></t:mrow><t:mrow><t:mi>D</t:mi><t:mo>/</t:mo><t:mrow><t:mmultiscripts><t:mrow><t:mi>He</t:mi></t:mrow><t:mprescripts/><t:none/><t:mrow><t:mn>4</t:mn></t:mrow></t:mmultiscripts></t:mrow></t:mrow></t:msub><t:mo>=</t:mo><t:mo>−</t:mo><t:mn>0.108</t:mn><t:mo>±</t:mo><t:mn>0.005</t:mn></t:mrow></t:math>. This is in contrast with the <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><w:mrow><w:mrow><w:mmultiscripts><w:mrow><w:mi>He</w:mi></w:mrow><w:mprescripts/><w:none/><w:mrow><w:mn>3</w:mn></w:mrow></w:mmultiscripts></w:mrow><w:mo>/</w:mo><w:mrow><w:mmultiscripts><w:mrow><w:mi>He</w:mi></w:mrow><w:mprescripts/><w:none/><w:mrow><w:mn>4</w:mn></w:mrow></w:mmultiscripts></w:mrow></w:mrow></w:math> flux ratio for which we find <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><y:mrow><y:msub><y:mrow><y:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</y:mi></y:mrow><y:mrow><y:mrow><y:mmultiscripts><y:mrow><y:mi>He</y:mi></y:mrow><y:mprescripts/><y:none/><y:mrow><y:mn>3</y:mn></y:mrow></y:mmultiscripts></y:mrow><y:mo>/</y:mo><y:mrow><y:mmultiscripts><y:mrow><y:mi>He</y:mi></y:mrow><y:mprescripts/><y:none/><y:mrow><y:mn>4</y:mn></y:mrow></y:mmultiscripts></y:mrow></y:mrow></y:msub><y:mo>=</y:mo><y:mo>−</y:mo><y:mn>0.289</y:mn><y:mo>±</y:mo><y:mn>0.003</y:mn></y:mrow></y:math>. Above <bb:math xmlns:bb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><bb:mrow><bb:mo stretchy="false">∼</bb:mo><bb:mn>13</bb:mn><bb:mtext> </bb:mtext><bb:mtext> </bb:mtext><bb:mi>GV</bb:mi></bb:mrow></bb:math> we find a nearly identical rigidity dependence of the <eb:math xmlns:eb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><eb:mrow><eb:mi>D</eb:mi></eb:mrow></eb:math> and <gb:math xmlns:gb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><gb:mrow><gb:mi>p</gb:mi></gb:mrow></gb:math> fluxes with a <ib:math xmlns:ib="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ib:mrow><ib:mi>D</ib:mi></ib:mrow><ib:mo>/</ib:mo><ib:mrow><ib:mi>p</ib:mi></ib:mrow></ib:math> flux ratio of <kb:math xmlns:kb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><kb:mn>0.027</kb:mn><kb:mo>±</kb:mo><kb:mn>0.001</kb:mn></kb:math>. These unexpected observations indicate that cosmic deuterons have a sizable primarylike component. With a method independent of cosmic ray propagation, we obtain the primary component of the <mb:math xmlns:mb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mb:mrow><mb:mi>D</mb:mi></mb:mrow></mb:math> flux equal to <ob:math xmlns:ob="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ob:mn>9.4</ob:mn><ob:mo>±</ob:mo><ob:mn>0.5</ob:mn><ob:mo>%</ob:mo></ob:math> of the <qb:math xmlns:qb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><qb:mrow><qb:mmultiscripts><qb:mrow><qb:mi>He</qb:mi></qb:mrow><qb:mprescripts/><qb:none/><qb:mrow><qb:mn>4</qb:mn></qb:mrow></qb:mmultiscripts></qb:mrow></qb:math> flux and the secondary component of the <sb:math xmlns:sb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><sb:mrow><sb:mi>D</sb:mi></sb:mrow></sb:math> flux equal to <ub:math xmlns:ub="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ub:mn>58</ub:mn><ub:mo>±</ub:mo><ub:mn>5</ub:mn><ub:mo>%</ub:mo></ub:math> of the <wb:math xmlns:wb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><wb:mrow><wb:mmultiscripts><wb:mrow><wb:mi>He</wb:mi></wb:mrow><wb:mprescripts/><wb:none/><wb:mrow><wb:mn>3</wb:mn></wb:mrow></wb:mmultiscripts></wb:mrow></wb:math> flux. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
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