Models of Dacha Culture: Stages of Formation and Actual Content

Dacha culture is a rather popular topic in the scientific environment. The relevance and novelty of the article lies in the identification and characterization of the main models of dacha culture with the analysis of their historical change in the broad context of modernization of society, in the identification of factors influencing the formation of this or that model. There is a deficit of research in the field of typology of dacha culture. Types are identified most often by geographical, economic or legal characteristics. There are practically no studies where interdisciplinary comparative analysis is applied. Having generalized the available scientific potential in this issue, we have found our own approach to the typology of dacha culture. Dacha culture is considered as a dynamic system (model), which includes not only economic and geographical, but also socio-cultural variables: value attitudes of dacha dwellers, gender relations, and dacha practices. Based on theoretical analysis and our own research, we have traced that the models of dacha culture were formed against the background of the country’s modernization. They became more complex along with social relations, acquiring features of this or that epoch. Reform periods are the triggers for the formation of dacha culture models. There are three main models: traditional, modernist and postmodernist. At the same time, the models of dacha culture are not found in a pure form; they have a hybrid character, one or another feature becomes dominant depending on the specific socio-cultural situation. This complex system ensures the stability of dacha culture, which has existed in Russia for over 300 years.