The 2023 yearbook of Neurorestoratology

Remarkable advancements have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disease; in our depth of understanding neurorestorative mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory processes, immune regulation, neuromodulation, neovascularization/neural repair, and neuroprotection; and in clinical neurorestorative treatments. Multiple types of cell therapies have been reported, with some positive outcomes. Diverse forms of neurostimulation and neuromodulation as well as brain–computer interfaces have shown good therapeutic outcomes in clinical applications. Further, therapeutic neurorestorative surgery and pharmaceutic therapy have been very impressive. These fundamental achievements are helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and the mechanisms of neurorestoration. Patients with neurological impairments have benefited from therapeutic progress, but some of these therapies still require confirmation in higher-level randomized clinical trials.