Automation-induced efficiency and inefficiency: transformative views from air and ground vehicle industry experts

Over years, we have witnessed automation maturity, thus it has become a hot topic in vehicle manufacturing industries. With higher automation poised to appear on roads and air networks, it is vital that we evaluate possible constrains. The results presented in this paper are deduced from a comprehensive interview study, with 20 air and ground vehicle experts. This paper offers the reader a fruitful discussion on automation-induced efficiency and inefficiency from the experience perspectives of experts, and bridge the knowledge gap and contributes to knowledge in the field of automated driving, trucking, flying and farming. The lessons learned show that the industrialisation of vehicle automation is largely hinged by transport and economic demands, and there is still a long way before it is a central part of human life, as there are issues that still needs to be resolved and designed for. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Innovative Training Network (ITN); SHAPE-IT; Grant number 860410