Mode-dependent Energy Management of a Dual-Source Active Switched Quasi-Z-Source Inverter for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

To prolong the fuel cell (FC) lifetime, hybridizing an FC stack with a lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) bank via a new single-stage power converter is promising in FC hybrid electric vehicles (FC-HEVs). This configuration requires efficient management of its FC hydrogen consumption under various driving conditions. Hence, this paper puts forward a mode-dependent energy management strategy (EMS) for the application of an FC-HEV, employing a high-performance active switched quasi-Z-source inverter (HP AS-qZSI) as its powertrain. Firstly, a supervised learning-based driving mode predictor is utilized to anticipate the driving modes of the FC-HEV. A four-mode fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is subsequently designed and optimized offline by an improved differential evolution (IDE) algorithm for each driving mode. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop tests are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed EMS. The experimental results analyses demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed framework, which reduces the FC hydrogen consumption and the standard deviation of the FC current by 12.67% and 21.31%, respectively, under the studied driving cycle.