Wigner distributions of sea quarks in the light-cone quark model

We investigate the Wigner distributions of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mover accent="true"><a:mi>u</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">¯</a:mo></a:mover></a:math> and <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mover accent="true"><e:mi>d</e:mi><e:mo stretchy="false">¯</e:mo></e:mover></e:math> quarks in a proton using the overlap representation within the light cone formalism. Using the light-cone wave functions which are obtained from the baryon-meson fluctuation model in terms of the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mo stretchy="false">|</i:mo><i:mi>q</i:mi><i:mover accent="true"><i:mi>q</i:mi><i:mo stretchy="false">¯</i:mo></i:mover><i:mi>B</i:mi><i:mo stretchy="false">⟩</i:mo></i:math> Fock states, we calculate the Wigner distributions for the unpolarized/longitudinally polarized sea quarks in an unpolarized/longitudinally polarized proton. The Wigner distributions can be obtained through a Fourier transform on the generalized transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs). We also calculate the GTMDs of <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><o:mover accent="true"><o:mi>u</o:mi><o:mo stretchy="false">¯</o:mo></o:mover></o:math> and <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><s:mover accent="true"><s:mi>d</s:mi><s:mo stretchy="false">¯</s:mo></s:mover></s:math> quarks in the intermediate step. Numerical results for the Wigner distributions of <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><w:mover accent="true"><w:mi>u</w:mi><w:mo stretchy="false">¯</w:mo></w:mover></w:math> and <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ab:mover accent="true"><ab:mi>d</ab:mi><ab:mo stretchy="false">¯</ab:mo></ab:mover></ab:math> quarks in transverse momentum space, impact parameter space and the mixed plane are presented. We also study the orbital angular momentum and the spin-orbit correlations of the sea quarks. Published by the American Physical Society 2024