A Three-Dimensional Model of Skeletal Muscle Tissues

.Skeletal muscles are living tissues that can undergo large deformations in short periods of time and that can be activated to produce force. In this paper we use the principles of continuum mechanics to propose a dynamic, fully nonlinear, and three-dimensional model to describe the deformation of these tissues. We model muscles as a fiber-reinforced composite and transversely isotropic material. We introduce a flexible computational framework to approximate the deformations of skeletal muscle to provide new insights into the underlying mechanics of these tissues. The model parameters and mechanical properties are obtained through experimental data and can be specified locally. A semi-implicit in-time, conforming, finite element in space scheme is used to approximate the solutions to the governing nonlinear dynamic model. We provide a series of numerical experiments demonstrating the application of this framework to relevant problems in biomechanics and also discuss questions around model validation.Keywordsskeletal musclenonlinear deformationcontinuum mechanicshyperelasticitydynamic contractionisometric contractionfinite element methodtime stepping methodMSC codes74B2074L1565M60