The Internet of Things (IoT) has spurred the evolution of diverse wireless technologies including Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) like LoRa, SigFox, and LTE-M. These technologies have revolutionized various sectors, offering cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions particularly in health and environmental monitoring. LoRa, known for overcoming environmental challenges and multi-path fading while LTE-M stands out with its scalability for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, catering efficiently to low-end devices in LTE platforms. The convergence of IoT and cellular tech, especially Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), has extended device battery life and coverage while striving for energy efficiency. Analyzing NB-IoT's energy consumption across different scenarios remains critical for assessing its power-efficiency potential. The aim is to assess the performance metrics of NB-IoT, including Bit Error Rate (BER), data rate, latency, and energy efficiency. Additionally, it seeks to conduct a comparative analysis between NB-IoT and other technologies like LoRa and LTE-M. Utilizing MATLAB's toolbox for precision, the aim is to assess efficiency through metrics like BLER, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, and power consumption by employing algorithms such as TLBO, Jaya, and TLBO-Jaya algorithms. Comparative evaluations with Massive LoRa and LTE-M systems aim to reveal performance of NB-IoT.
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Prasad et al. (2024) studied this question.