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To evaluate real-world performance metrics of different lpwan technologies for internet of things applications.

December 10, 2025IoTOpen Access

LPWAN Technologies for IoT: Real-World Deployment Performance and Practical Comparison

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To evaluate real-world performance metrics of different lpwan technologies for internet of things applications.
Review of 20 peer-reviewed studies from 2015-2025
Analysis of four leading lpwan technologies: LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M
Comparison of metrics including power consumption, range, data rate, scalability, availability, and security
LoRaWAN achieves 2+ years battery life and an 11 km rural range but has collision limitations above 1000 devices per gateway.
Sigfox shows exceptional range with minimal power consumption but limited payloads and security issues.
NB-IoT boasts 96-100% packet delivery ratios and supports tens of thousands of devices per cell, though energy consumption increases with mobility.
LTE-M has the highest throughput and sub 200 ms latency but loses connectivity beyond −113 dBm.

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Review analyzes deployment metrics of lpwan technologies for iot, indicating critical considerations for security and energy consumption.

Orlovs et al. (2025) studied this question.

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