Research on the Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Ecological Protection Paths of "Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Fields, Lakes, and Grasslands" in the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin

This article is based on the current strategic drivers of China's "coordinated management of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands" and "ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin". By combining "3S" spatial analysis technology with mathematical statistical analysis and drawing on semi-structured interviews and other methods, the spatial differentiation characteristics and ecological protection paths of "mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands" in the eastern section of the Yellow River Basin are analyzed. The research findings are as follows: First of all, the mountains in the eastern section of the Yellow River basin are mainly distributed at the intersection of Jinan and Tai'an. Secondly, over time, the proportion of spatial area of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasses" in the Yellow River Basin has undergone significant changes. Among them, the increase in water body area is mainly concentrated in the Dongying section located at the estuary and the Tai'an section located in the Dongping Lake area. The area of land area growth is mainly located in the Dongying section of the Yellow River estuary. The urban differences in grassland area changes are significant, and the decrease in grassland area in the Dongying section is significantly higher than in other cities. From 1990 to 2020, there were significant differences and varying degrees of decline in the comprehensive ecosystem function index among 9 cities in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin. Among them, the Dongying section had the highest land use index and the strongest comprehensive ecosystem function, while the Dezhou and Heze sections had the most significant decline.