High-density heterogeneous integration of thin-film lithium niobate is in demand for realizing compact silicon circuitry equipped with Pockels moduators. A very compact photonic crystal modulator is demonstrated. The Si-LN photonic crystal cavity shows an insertion loss of -2.6dB and an extinction ratio of >30dB. The modulator shows a tuning efficiency of 6.23 pm/V and electro-optical modulation bandwidth of 3.5GHz.
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Tan et al. (2024) studied this question.
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