Clinical features and outcomes of Ewing sarcoma in infants: A single center case series from India

Infantile Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare disease with comparable outcomes on contemporary protocols with a paucity of data from India. Infants with proven ES diagnosed between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The staging was done using positron emission tomography-computerized tomography scan. Treated infants were administered weight-based chemotherapy with local control by surgery and/or radiotherapy. There were 10 infantile ES with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. The majority had extraosseous (90%, n=9) or axial primary (50%, n=5). Five patients with localized disease received treatment. Two died during induction chemotherapy (sepsis-1, cause unknown-1), and 3 are alive with no evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 4-9 years). Two episodes of complicated febrile neutropenia were reported in 5 treated infants. ES in infants is rare and predominantly extraosseous with axial primary. Treated infants tolerated chemotherapy well with good outcomes.