We present a new formulation for the mean-field propagation part of the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics, simulating an N-body system of interacting Gaussian wave packets via Lorentz scalar and vector potentials. Covariant equations of motion are derived based on the principle of least action. These covariant equations of motion can be solved with a computational cost comparable to that of conventional noncovariant quantum molecular dynamics. Furthermore, the new equations of motion accurately estimate the density-dependent potential, as demonstrated through comparison of the forces with the numerical integration. We apply them to N-body systems interacting via the Skyrme-type potentials or the relativistic mean field to simulate heavy-ion collisions. Our results show that the derived equations of motion provide a robust approximation to the dynamics of the full numerical integrations.
Nara et al. (Thu,) studied this question.