Erosion and hydrological processes on agricultural landscapes of the Saratov region of the Russian Federation in conditions of climate instability

The current state of the climate, which determines its instability, including in the Saratov region, has a direct impact on the formation of erosion and hydrological processes on its agricultural landscapes. According to the Saratov Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Volga Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring" for the period from 1981 to 2023, in all soil and climatic zones of the region, there is an increase in the average annual air temperature, a decrease in the depth of soil freezing and an increase in the number of thaws in winter, and There is also an increase in the proportion of rainfall in the summer period. These factors must be taken into account when assessing the formation of surface runoff of various genesis and, as a result, soil erosion. The article presents the results of an assessment of erosion and hydrological processes in the chernozems of the southern Saratov Right Bank for the period presented above. It has been established that the main climatic factors that determine the intensity of erosion and hydrological processes in the Saratov region are water reserves in the snow, the intensity of snowmelt, soil moisture and freezing.