Comparison of Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes of the Subtypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

(1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that significantly impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients. This study aims to investigate the disparities in preoperative examination findings, postoperative HRQOL, and disease control status based on CRSwNP subtypes. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 202 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP. The study assessed clinical characteristics, blood eosinophil and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, modified Lund–Kennedy and Lund–Mackay scores, and Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) scores. HRQOL was evaluated using the Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, and disease control status was assessed based on the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 guidelines. (3) Results: Of the 202 patients, Eosinophilic CRSwNP patients exhibited significantly higher preoperative peripheral blood eosinophil ratios and IgE levels, and JESREC scores (p < 0.05). Two years postoperatively, patients in the non-eosinophilic group showed significantly improved SNOT-22 scores compared to preoperative scores (p = 0.007). Notably, the proportion of patients with uncontrolled disease was significantly higher in the eosinophilic group (p = 0.035). Logistic regression analyses identified preoperative SNOT-22 scores and eosinophilic CRSwNP subtype as influential factors on disease control status (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Patients with more severe preoperative symptoms and eosinophilic CRSwNP demonstrated poorer long-term treatment outcomes.