A Study of Risk Factors of Haemorrhoidal Disease in Adult in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background/Aims: Haemorrhoids are the most common benign anorectal disorder in clinical practice and it cause substantial discomfort, disability, and decrease in quality of life(QOL). Risk factors commonly associated with haemorrhoidal disease include advancing age, female gender, lower socioeconomic status, low bre diet, chronic constipation, chronic diarrhoea, chronic straining during defecation, pregnancy, alcohol intake, sedentary life style, obesity and spinal cord injuries etc. The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of various risk factors and clinical presentation of haemorrhoidal disease in adult in a tertiary care centre at TRIHMS, Naharlagun. This was a prospective study of 200 patients of haemorrhoids attend at SOPD Materials And Methods: at TRIHMS, Naharlagun for a period of 6 months from 01-01-2022 to 30-06-2022. The diagnosis of haemorrhoids was based on thorough history, careful physical examination and proctoscopy examination of anal canal and distal rectum. High-risk patients investigated with colonoscopy examination. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. All the relevant details of patients about age, sex, clinical presentation, risk factors and different degree of haemorrhoids were recorded. The common age group Results: of haemorrhoids was from 18 years to 37 years(67.5%) and followed by 38 years to 57 years (30.5%). There was 53% of females and 47% of males. Per rectal bleeding (71.5%)followed by pain during defecation (54.5%) and prolapsed anal mass (32.5%). The common risk factors are non-vegetarian diet (95.5%), constipation (88.5%), straining during defecation (63.5%) and use of mobile phone in toilet (92.5%).Internal haemorrhoids- second degree (47.5%) and third degree (40.5%) are common types of haemorrhoids in this study. Haemorrhoid Conclusion: s are the common benign anorectal disorder in clinical practice. There are many modiable risk factors (lifestyle, dietary habits, addictive habits, use of mobile phone in toilet etc.) and non-modiable risk factors (age, gender, heredity and genetic makeup) are important for development of haemorrhoids. So proper suggestion and proper education of the patients is essential to take proper precautions and avoid unnecessary complications of haemorrhoids.