Maximizing Photovoltaic Efficiency: Thickness and Defect Density Effects on DJ-2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cell Performance

The Dion-Jacobson (DJ) structure developed lots of attention in the photovoltaic (PV) industry due to its exceptional properties like high power conversion efficiency (PCE), huge bandgaps and low cost. The TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /(FA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</inf> MA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> )Pb(I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</inf> Br <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> )/ (FA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</inf> MA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> )Pb(I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</inf> Br <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> )/Spiro-OMeTAD structure is considered in this study, which is already published work . The investigation of DJ-2D/3D PSCs through variations in defect density and thickness is the primary objective of this study. The solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) is utilized for the study's simulations. TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is regarded as the electron transport layer (ETL) and Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) because to its high electron or hole mobility and conductivity. Both layer of (FA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</inf> MA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> )Pb(I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</inf> Br <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> ) is considered as active layers of the device. Maximizing the photons absorption from the solar radiations is the main objective of the study. The maximum PCE is noted in the maximum value of thickness and the minimum value of the defect density. The DJ-2D/3D based cells' PV characteristics as a consequence are: FF: 82.62%, PCE: 24.29%, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> : 1.428V, and J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> : 20.588mA/cm 2 .