Research on the Design Method of Landscape Environment in Special Education Schools for the Characteristics of Children with Mental Retardation

Based on the concept of rehabilitation landscape design, combined with the current situation of campus landscape in special education schools and the characteristics and rehabilitation needs of students with intellectual disabilities, and drawing on the experience of campus rehabilitation landscape environment design cases, this paper discusses the design principles and design methods of rehabilitation landscape environment in special education schools for students with intellectual disabilities, so as to provide reference for the design of special education campus landscape environment. Methods The physiological and psychological characteristics of children with mental retardation were analyzed by reading literature. On-the-spot investigation of the current situation and shortcomings of the landscape design of the existing special education schools, combined with the analysis of the common points of the concept of rehabilitation landscape in the campus landscape design, put forward the landscape design method of special education schools for the characteristics of children with mental retardation. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, it was analyzed that children with mental retardation had basic, emotional and rehabilitation needs for the landscape of special education schools. Combined with the physiological and psychological characteristics of children with mental retardation, three types of landscape design methods for special education schools for children with mental retardation were proposed, including safety design, perceptual design and participatory design.