Analysis reveals expansion ratio must exceed 1.055 for nipple axis alignment in conical adapters, indicating optimal deformation techniques.
The conical adapters nipple zone radial runout straightening using the expansion and swaging operations is studied. Recommendations on the degrees of deformation necessary for nipple axis alignment are obtained based on the forming modeling: the expansion ratio during straightening should be at least 1.055. This value is confirmed by the results of the physical experiment.
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Рыжов et al. (2025) studied this question.
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