Validation of the irradiation method for large-scale area surveys using electronic distance measuring devices

Topography is essential for mapping, spatial orientation, and land management. Recent advances in geospatial technology have significantly improved measurement accuracy, with Global Navigation Satellite System Real-Time Kinematic (GNSS RTK) technology offering the highest precision. Despite this, traditional methods using Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) devices, such as total stations, remain valuable in field applications. This study aimed to validate the polar coordinate (irradiation) method for measuring large areas using a Kolida KTS-442 total station with an optical prism. The survey was conducted in an agricultural area managed by the Regional Institute of Rural Development (IRDeR), across three distinct plots of varying sizes. To assess accuracy, the same areas were measured using a GNSS RTK South Galaxy G1 receiver, with a nominal precision of 0.25 mm ± 1 ppm. Results showed that the total station method achieved a precision of 99.04% compared to the RTK, which yielded 99.99%. The findings confirm that, when properly applied, the irradiation method is a viable and accurate alternative for surveying extensive areas.