This analysis finds that Neo-Confucianism has shaped Western idealism and Marxist thought, highlighting the significance of cross-cultural influences in international relations.
Harmony among civilizations: the influence of Chinese philosophy on Western idealism and contemporary revolutionary thought Germaine A. Hoston of the University of California, San Diego, demonstrates the influence of Neo-Confucianism on European idealism and Marxist revolutionary thought. The notion that there are fundamental differences between Western and non-Western worldviews persists in the scholarly and popular literature on international relations. This idea was reinforced by the September 11 terrorist attacks originating from non-Western societies.
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Germaine A. Hoston (2025) studied this question.
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