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November 19, 2025International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical ActivityOpen Access

Not all steps are equal: independent prospective associations of stepping volume and patterns with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Maastricht study

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Authors

RPRichard M. PulsfordEBEsmée A. BakkerMAMatthew Ahmadi

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Overview

Observational study links stepping volume and variability patterns to type 2 diabetes risk, suggesting health intervention strategies.

Key Points

  • To examine the independent associations of stepping volume and patterns with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  • Observational study design with participants aged 40-75 years
  • Participants wore activPAL3 accelerometers for 6-7 days
  • Used Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations
  • Adjusted analyses for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking, CVD, sedentary time, and diet
  • Recorded 178 incident cases of type 2 diabetes over 30,336 person-years of follow-up
  • Non-linear association found between stepping volume and T2D risk
  • Higher stepping volume and variability in stepping patterns associated with lower T2D risk

Cite This Study

Pulsford et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6924fed1c0ce034ddc350d86https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01839-z
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Not all steps are equal: independent prospective associations of stepping volume and patterns with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Maastricht study2025 · 4 citations
  2. 2Associations of between‐ and within‐day patterns of physical activity accumulation with arterial stiffness and indices of microvascular health—Evidence from The Maastricht study2024 · 2 citations
  3. 3Association between daily steps, diabetes management and health indicators in people living with type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study from the <scp>BETTER</scp> registry2026
  4. 4Prospective Associations of Daily Step Counts and Intensity With Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality and All-Cause Mortality2022 · 280 citations
  5. 5Social Determinants of Daily Step Count in Young Adults With and Without Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes2026