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This is a Validation Study study.

November 13, 2025Discover SustainabilityOpen Access

Dynamic modelling of circular economic implementation towards sustainable coffee agroforestry in Indonesia

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The model enables significant reductions in emissions and enhances resource efficiency for coffee agroforestry systems.
Simulation indicates a profit ratio of 1:2.71 between farmers and processors, highlighting economic disparities.
Causal Loop Diagrams and Stock and Flow Diagrams were utilized to construct and validate the dynamic model.
The study promotes the use of coffee waste as organic fertilizer and cattle feed, offering a decision-support tool for sustainable practices.

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Dynamic modelling improves resource efficiency and reduces emissions in coffee agroforestry, suggesting practical solutions for sustainability.

Rahmah et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Dynamic modelling improves resource efficiency and reduces emissions in coffee agroforestry, suggesting practical solutions for sustainability.