Case report reveals progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a young male with HIV and neurosyphilis, highlighting opportunistic infection risks.
Background The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and neurosyphilis presents a significant clinical challenge due to the increased risk of opportunistic infections, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Case Presentation A 23-year-old unmarried male with an unprotected sexual history presented with progressive right upper limb weakness and slurred speech for 10 days. He was diagnosed with HIV and neurosyphilis co-infection, and neuroimaging/cerebrospinal fluid studies confirmed PML. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of screening for HIV and neurosyphilis in young patients with neurological symptoms and the need for awareness of opportunistic infections such as PML in immunocompromised individuals.
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Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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