Prospective cohort study reveals prenatal exposure to trace elements impacts behavioral problems in preschoolers, suggesting sex differences in effects.
Prenatal exposure to Cd, Tl, and Mo was associated with an increased risk of behavioral problems in children, with the associations exhibiting sex differences. Conversely, Se may confer a protective effect against childhood behavioral problems. Further studies are warranted to support the findings and explore the mechanism of sex -specific disparity.
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Jiang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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