Dose-Dependent Effects of Bryophyllum Pinnatum Leaf Extract On Reproductive and Hormonal Profiles in Male Albino Rats

This experimental study evaluated the physiological and reproductive effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous leaf extract on male reproductive function using adult male albino rats as the model organism. Twenty-five rats were randomly assigned into five groups: a control group (distilled water), three test groups receiving 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of B. pinnatum extract respectively, and a positive control group treated with a standard fertility drug. The animals were treated daily via oral administration for 28 consecutive days. Post-treatment assessments included sperm count analysis, testicular histology, and mating success. Semen was collected from the cauda epididymis and analyzed using WHO-recommended protocols. Results showed a dose-dependent increase in sperm count across treatment groups, with significant differences observed at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg compared to the control (p = 0.036 and p = 0.001, respectively). ANOVA confirmed the statistical significance of the treatment effect (F(3,8) = 13.91; p = 0.0015), and Tukey's post hoc analysis further indicated enhanced spermatogenesis at higher doses. The histological examination revealed improved testicular architecture and increased spermatogenic activity in the treated groups, especially at higher doses. Hormonal assays also indicated elevations in testosterone and gonadotropins, supporting enhanced reproductive potential. The mating trial showed increased pregnancy rates in females paired with treated males, confirming functional fertility enhancement. Overall, the study concludes that Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract significantly improves male reproductive indices in a dose-dependent manner. These findings support its traditional use as a fertility-enhancing herbal remedy and highlight its potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent for male infertility.