Lower median household income and higher social deprivation index were independently associated with increased heart failure and composite outcomes in patients with HCM.
Do area-based social determinants of health (lower median household income and higher social deprivation index) increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Despite the strong genetic etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, adverse social determinants of health such as lower neighborhood income and higher social deprivation are independently associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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Importance Area-based indicators of social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with higher risk for acquired heart disease, but their impact on conditions with a strong genetic etiology, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), is not well understood. Objective To determine the association of area-based SDOH with clinical outcomes in patients with HCM. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted among US adult patients with HCM from 5 sites in the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry (a multicenter prospective registry of patients with HCM) who were followed up for a median (IQR) period of 2. 15 (0. 15-5. 82) years. Data were entered from 2015 to March 2024, and data analysis was completed from March 2024 to June 2025. Exposures Patients’ residential addresses were geocoded at the zip code level and linked to the American Communities Survey to estimate area-based (1) median household income and (2) social deprivation index (SDI), which ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a more deprived area. Main Outcomes and Measures Multivariate models, adjusting for age at diagnosis, body mass index, hypertension, and sex, were used to estimate the independent association of area-based median household income and SDI with heart failure (HF), ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and an overall composite outcome (VA, HF, atrial fibrillation, stroke, and death). Results Among 4431 US adult patients with HCM, median (IQR) age at HCM diagnosis was 51. 3 (38. 9-61. 6) years, and 1862 patients (42. 0%) were female. Median (IQR) area-based household income was 80 000 (60 000-110 000), and median (IQR) SDI was 25 (10-55). Adjusted hazard ratios comparing the lowest income group to the highest income group were 2. 07 (95% CI, 1. 77-2. 42; P lt;. 001) for HF, 1. 31 (95% CI, 0. 97-1. 78; P =. 08) for VA, and 1. 52 (95% CI, 1. 36-1. 69; P lt;. 001) for the overall composite outcome. Adjusted hazard ratios comparing the highest SDI (ie, more deprived) group to the lowest SDI group were 1. 48 (95% CI, 1. 29-1. 70; P lt;. 001) for HF, 1. 55 (95% CI, 1. 15-2. 09; P =. 004) for VA, and 1. 36 (95% CI, 1. 22-1. 50; P lt;. 001) for the overall composite outcome. Conclusions and Relevance In this multicenter cohort study, residing in an area with lower median household income or worse SDI were each independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HCM. These findings suggest that despite the genetically determined nature of HCM, place of residence is associated with patient outcomes.
Hafeez et al. (Wed,) reported a other. Lower median household income and higher social deprivation index were independently associated with increased heart failure and composite outcomes in patients with HCM.