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January 10, 2026Frontiers in Cardiovascular MedicineOpen Access

Profiling individuals living with hypertension in Saudi Arabia 2021: a nationwide descriptive study

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Key result

Hypercholesterolemia is linked to ~309% greater odds of treated hypertension among Saudi adults.

  • AOR 4.09

Why the study?

Hypertension affects 1.3 billion adults globally, increasing risks of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney failure, motivating this nationwide profiling of affected individuals in Saudi Arabia.

Population

14,007 adults in Saudi Arabia across all 13 regions

Comparison

Adults living with treated or aware hypertension vs the rest of the population

Design

Nationwide cross-sectional phone survey

Authors

MSMohammed SenitanNANora A. AlthumiriZAZaied Alkhamaali

Discussion

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Overview

May warrant integrated cardiometabolic screening in Saudi adults; extends prior observational data on multimorbidity but leaves causal questions open.

Key Points

  • This research aims to profile adults living with hypertension in Saudi Arabia and identify associated sociodemographic and clinical factors.
  • Nationwide cross-sectional survey design using the Sharik Health Indicators Surveillance System (SHISS)
  • Data collected via phone interviews from 14,007 respondents
  • Proportional quota sampling used across 13 regions
  • Self-reported hypertension status based on physician diagnosis and treatment
  • Multivariable logistic regression to assess associations with hypertension.
  • 12.3% of respondents reported treated/aware hypertension.
  • Common comorbidities included hypercholesterolemia (47.9%), diabetes (42.8%), and obesity (75.2%).
  • Significant associations found between hypertension and factors like age (AOR 1.06), lower education (AOR 1.31), smoking, and overweight/obesity.
  • Stronger connections with hypercholesterolemia (AOR 4.09), heart disease (AOR 3.54), and diabetes (AOR 2.64).

Structured PICO

P
Population
14,007 adults (≥18 years) in Saudi Arabia, mean age 36.7, 50.1% male, participating in the 2021 Sharik Health Indicators Surveillance System (SHISS) nationwide cross-sectional phone survey.
O
Outcome
Prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed and treated hypertension and associated sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors

In Saudi Arabia, 12.3% of adults report treated hypertension, which is strongly clustered with modifiable behavioral risks and cardiometabolic multimorbidity like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

Limitations

  • Case definition limited to physician-diagnosed and currently treated individuals, excluding undiagnosed or untreated cases
  • Relied entirely on self-report without direct blood pressure measurements
  • Uniform quota across all 13 regions may attenuate detectable regional differences

Cite This Study

Senitan et al. (2026) studied this question. In Saudi Arabia, 12.3% of adults reported treated/aware hypertension, with hypercholesterolemia (AOR 4.09) being the strongest associated comorbidity.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696321df91e05aa366cb8288https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1579109
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Saudi Arabia based on a nationally representative survey2026 · 3 citations
  2. 2Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia2025 · 8 citations
  3. 3Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Treatment Practices of Known Adult Hypertensive Patients in Saudi Arabia2010 · 44 citations
  4. 4Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Saudi Adults: A Secondary Analysis of National Health Survey Data Aligned With WHO Global Hearts Initiative Targets2026
  5. 5Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: A National Survey2014 · 211 citations