Why the study?
The exact pathogenesis of HFpEF remains unclear, though emerging evidence implicates low-grade systemic inflammation exacerbated by gut microbiota dysregulation.
This review proposes a 'gut microbiota-inflammation-HFpEF axis', highlighting how microbiota dysregulation drives systemic inflammation and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in HFpEF.
Supports probiotic trials targeting HFpEF inflammation; leaves open clinical benefit pending confirmatory RCTs.
Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease that affects multiple organs throughout the body, accounting for over 50% of heart failure cases. HFpEF has a significant impact on individuals’ life expectancy and quality of life, but the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Emerging evidence implicates low-grade systemic inflammation as a crucial role in the onset and progression of HFpEF. Gut microbiota dysregulation and associated metabolites alteration, including short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxides, amino acids, and bile acids can exacerbate chronic systemic inflammatory responses and potentially contribute to HFpEF. In light of these findings, we propose the hypothesis of a “gut microbiota-inflammation-HFpEF axis”, positing that the interplay within this axis could be a crucial factor in the development and progression of HFpEF. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiota dysregulation-induced inflammation in HFpEF’s etiology. It explores the potential mechanisms linking dysregulation of the gut microbiota to cardiac dysfunction and evaluates the therapeutic potential of restoring gut microbiota balance in mitigating HFpEF severity. The objective is to offer novel insights and strategies for the management of HFpEF.
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Zhou et al. (2025) conducted a review in Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). Probiotics vs. Control group was evaluated on Inflammatory indicators (LPS, IL-1β, hs-CRP, and TNF-α).
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