Population Heterogeneity of Diabetes in Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Systematic Scoping Review of Existing Literature

This systematic scoping review aims to map and summarize all available evidence on the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes among adult Indigenous populations of the Americas, covering studies published between 1975 and 2025. Using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework, we will identify and describe variations in diabetes prevalence by country, region, diagnostic method, and study period. Population-based studies using probabilistic or census sampling will be included, while clinical and convenience samples will be excluded. Data sources will include PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, and grey literature. The results will be synthesized descriptively, with tables, figures, and maps illustrating geographic and temporal patterns. Findings will inform public health policy, highlight research gaps, and support strategies to reduce diabetes disparities among Indigenous peoples across the Americas.