Post-admission complications like heart failure (HR 2.45; 95% CI 2.15-2.75) and PE (HR 2.62; 95% CI 2.11-3.27) were significantly associated with increased 30-day mortality.
Cohort (n=86,524)
Yes
Do post-admission complications increase the risk of mortality in hip fracture patients?
Post-admission complications, particularly heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and renal dysfunction, are significantly associated with increased short-term mortality in hip fracture patients.
Hazard Ratio: 2.45 (95% CI 2.15–2.75)
Aims This study examined the association between post-admission complications and 120-day mortality using data from a national hip fracture registry. A sub-analysis explored the impact of improved complication registration on these associations. Methods We conducted a cohort study including patients (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2023) from the Dutch Hip Fracture Audit (DHFA). Ten complications (anaemia, delirium, fall incident, heart failure, pneumonia, pressure ulcer, pulmonary embolism (PE), renal dysfunction, urinary tract infection, wound infection) were assessed. From 2018 to 2019, seven hospitals were recruited for additional data collection for the DHFA to improve and develop quality indicators. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) between complications and mortality at 30, 60, and 120 days. Subgroup analysis assessed the effect of better registration. Results A total of 86,524 patients were included, with a median age of 81 years (IQR 72 to 87). The overall complication rate was 25.7% (n = 22,210), anaemia was the most common complication (n = 8,027; 9.3%), followed by delirium (n = 7,836; 9.1%). In subgroup analysis, project hospitals had a higher overall complications rate (38.8% vs 27.4%; p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, at 30 days, heart failure (HR 2.45 (95% CI 2.15 to 2.75)), delirium (HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.38)), PE (HR 2.62 (95% CI 2.11 to 3.27)), renal dysfunction (HR 2.20 (95% CI 1.96 to 2.47)), and pneumonia (HR 2.35 (95% CI 2.15 to 2.56)) were significantly associated with an increased hazard of death. In the subgroup analysis, fewer complications were associated with an increased hazard of death in the project hospitals in comparison to the non-project hospitals. Conclusion Five complications were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality at 30 and 60 days. These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring and managing complications. Improved registration practices in project hospitals were linked to fewer complications that showed a relation with mortality. Complications without a clear association with mortality may be more suitable for short-cycle in-hospital feedback rather than a national audit. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2026;108-B(2):216–225.
Bremen et al. (Sun,) conducted a cohort in Hip fracture (n=86,524). Post-admission complications vs. Absence of complication was evaluated on Mortality at 30 days (HR 2.45, 95% CI 2.15-2.75). Post-admission complications like heart failure (HR 2.45; 95% CI 2.15-2.75) and PE (HR 2.62; 95% CI 2.11-3.27) were significantly associated with increased 30-day mortality.