Multimorbidity of cardiovascular disease subtypes in a prospective cohort of 1.2 million UK women

Figures

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  Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of cardiovascular multimorbidity and common individual cardiovascular diseases between age 60 and 80 years in all women.

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  Figure 2. Age-standardised proportion of the number of other cardiovascular diseases by each incident individual cardiovascular disease. The x-axis displays each of the selected 19 individual cardiovascular diseases. The numbers of other cardiovascular diseases which co-occurred with each individual disease are indicated by different colours in categories of 0, 1, 2 and ≥3. For each individual cardiovascular disease, age-standardised proportions of the numbers of cardiovascular comorbidities were calculated by applying direct age standardisation to the 2013 European Standard Population, using 5-year age bands from age 45 to ≥75 years. aa, aortic aneurysm; af, atrial fibrillation; arr, other arrhythmias; as, aortic stenosis; ate, arterial embolism and thrombosis; cbvd, other cerebrovascular disease; cm, cardiomyopathy; hf, heart failure; htnd, hypertensive heart and renal disease; ihd, ischaemic heart disease; mvd, mitral valve disorders; ovd, other aortic valve disorders; pvd, peripheral vascular disease; rhd, rheumatic heart disease; tia, transient cerebral ischaemic attacks; vad, vascular dementia; vdi, vascular disorders of the intestine; vte, venous thromboembolism.

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  Figure 3. The most frequent unique combinations of two or more individual cardiovascular diseases comprising incident cardiovascular multimorbidity (n>1000). This figure displays the number of incident cases of the most common unique and mutually exclusive patterns of cardiovascular multimorbidity identified in the study cohort, in descending order from left to right. There were >1000 incident cases recorded for each pattern. Each bar displays the number of incident cases identified for the corresponding combination of cardiovascular diseases indicated in the lower panel. There are no overlaps across the bars: cases of disease combination A-B-C were not counted among the cases of disease combination A-B. af, atrial fibrillation; arr, other arrhythmias; as, aortic stenosis; ate, arterial embolism and thrombosis; cbvd, other cerebrovascular disease; hf, heart failure; htnd, hypertensive heart and renal disease; ihd, ischaemic heart disease; mvd, mitral valve disorders; pvd, peripheral vascular disease; rhd, rheumatic heart disease; tia, transient cerebral ischaemic attacks; vad, vascular dementia; vte, venous thromboembolism.

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  Figure 4. Incidence rate per 10 000 person-years for each pair of cardiovascular diseases. aa, aortic aneurysm; af, atrial fibrillation; arr, other arrhythmias; as, aortic stenosis; ate, arterial embolism and thrombosis; cbvd, other cerebrovascular disease; cm, cardiomyopathy; hf, heart failure; htnd, hypertensive heart and renal disease; ihd, ischaemic heart disease; mvd, mitral valve disorders; ovd, other aortic valve disorders; pvd, peripheral vascular disease; rhd, rheumatic heart disease; tia, transient cerebral ischaemic attacks; vad, vascular dementia; vdi, vascular disorders of the intestine; vte, venous thromboembolism.