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February 13, 2026Frontiers in EndocrinologyOpen Access

Infants exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes: intrauterine epigenetic modifications and neurological development

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Pilot case-control study finds associations between maternal Type 1 diabetes and altered infant neurodevelopment through epigenetic changes.

This study aims to explore the connection between maternal Type-1 diabetes, intrauterine epigenetic modifications, and neurodevelopment in infants.
Conducted a prospective, pilot case-control study comparing infants exposed to maternal Type-1 diabetes with control infants.
Analyzed cord blood DNA using the TruSeq-Methyl-Capture-EPIC-Kit covering over 3.3 million CpGs.
Assessed infant neurodevelopment using the Bayley-III Scales and correlated scores with DNA methylation data.
Identified 108 differentially methylated genes linked to crucial neurodevelopment pathways.
Notable methylation differences were found in genes MYT1L, NRXN1, SHANK3, and KIRREL3, with high statistical significance.
Infants exposed to maternal diabetes scored lower on the Bayley-III Scales in cognitive, language, and motor areas.

González-González et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Pilot case-control study finds associations between maternal Type 1 diabetes and altered infant neurodevelopment through epigenetic changes.