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The aim is to validate a music TPACK survey specifically for pre- and in-service music teachers in China.

A comprehensive validation of the music TPACK survey for pre- and in-service music teachers

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The aim is to validate a music TPACK survey specifically for pre- and in-service music teachers in China.
Survey administered to 734 music teachers in China
Expert review and pilot testing of the MTPACK-I instrument
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine factor structure
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the identified factors
Invariance tests conducted across genders and teacher types
Identified and confirmed a seven-factor structure for the MTPACK-I instrument
Validation suggests strong reliability and applicability for measuring TPACK in music education
Evidence of consistent factor structure across genders and types of music teachers

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Validation study establishes a seven-factor TPACK instrument for music teachers, suggesting effective teaching practices.

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

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