What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to analyze retinal irradiances from He-Ne gas lasers as a function of viewing distance.

RETINAL IRRADIANCES FROM THE He‐Ne CW LASER

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This report analyzes retinal irradiances from He-Ne lasers, indicating safe exposure distances.

The aim is to analyze retinal irradiances from He-Ne gas lasers as a function of viewing distance.
Developed equations for retinal irradiance based on viewing distance.
Assessed various viewing conditions related to He-Ne lasers.
Utilized theoretical retinal models and experimental data for conclusions.
Continuous exposure to He-Ne lasers in a laboratory setting is not tolerable.
Lasers in the range of 0.5 to 5 milliwatts present no retinal hazard at distances over 300 meters.
Continuous exposure at distances beyond 1,000 meters is probably safe.

Paul W. Lappin (1968) studied this question.

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