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February 19, 2026Current PsychologyOpen Access

What factors shape bystanders’ defensive responses to non-consensual sexting? An approach from social and behavioral theoretical frameworks

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Authors

DVDaniela Villa-HenaoUniversidad de SevillaMOM L. OjedaUniversidad de SevillaJMJoaquín A. Mora-MerchánUniversidad de Sevilla

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Implication

Reveals factors shaping bystander responses to non-consensual sexting, highlighting the need for integrated strategies.

Key Points

  • This research aims to identify factors influencing bystander responses to non-consensual sexting using multiple theoretical frameworks.
  • Utilized structural equation modeling to analyze data from 2,496 adolescents aged 11–18.
  • Compared three theoretical frameworks: Theory of Planned Behavior, Theory of Normative Social Behavior, and Social Learning Theory.
  • Examined factors like subjective norms, intention to help, and self-efficacy.
  • Social Learning Theory explained 55.6% of the variance in responses, showing the strongest influence.
  • Theory of Planned Behavior accounted for 37.9% of responses, indicating a moderate influence.
  • Theory of Normative Social Behavior explained 28.5% of the variance, reflecting its lower impact.

Cite This Study

Villa-Henao et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6996a83eecb39a600b3eeb95https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-026-09085-7
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Sexting scripts in adolescent relationships: Is sexting becoming the norm?2018 · 95 citations
  2. 2Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.1977 · 43,931 citations
  3. 3Descriptive, Injunctive, and Collective Norms: An Expansion of the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB)2021 · 51 citations
  4. 4Social norms: A review2016 · 486 citations