Key result
Heavy smoking is linked to ~38% higher odds of hypertension alongside increased diabetes and dyslipidemia risk.
Why the study?
The high smoking prevalence and growing burden of chronic metabolic diseases in Northeast China motivated investigation of associations between smoking status and risks of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Does smoking increase the risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension in adults in Northeast China?
Cross-Sectional (n=78,674)
Yes
Does smoking increase the risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension in adults in Northeast China?
Smoking status, amount, and duration are independently associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension in Northeast Chinese adults, highlighting the need for targeted tobacco control.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May support targeted cessation in Chinese adults; extends associations but leaves causality and generalizability open.
BACKGROUND: The high smoking prevalence and growing burden of chronic metabolic diseases have been threatening public health in Northeast China. This study aimed to investigate the association of smoking/quitting status with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in residents in Northeast China. METHODS: A total of 78,674 adults aged 35-75 years old were enrolled from a cross-sectional study conducted in Northeast China in 2020. Demographic data were collected, and biochemical indices and anthropometric indices were measured. Associations of smoking/quitting status with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were investigated using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to assess the dose-response relationship between smoking/quitting status and prevalence of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. RESULTS: A total of 16,401 (20.85%) smokers, 25,805 (32.80%) adults with dyslipidemia, 16,812 (21.37%) adults with diabetes, and 33,539 (42.63%) adults with hypertension were identified in this study. The risk of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in current heavy smokers and former heavy smokers were higher than that in never-smokers (all P < 0.001). The risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension elevated with the increase of cigarette amounts from "1-5 cigarettes per day" to "≥31 cigarettes per day" and smoking duration from "1-18 years" to "19-31 years". However, excluding quitting smoking for 2-3 years (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.67, P = 0.041) and 7-20 years (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12-1.83, P = 0.004) enhancing diabetes risk, quitting duration was not associated with the risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Smoking status, smoking amount, and smoking duration, rather than quitting duration, are associated with the risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension among adults in Northeast China.
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Zhao et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (n=78,674). Smoking vs. Never-smokers was evaluated on Hypertension (current heavy smokers vs never-smokers) (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.32-1.44, p=<0.001). Current heavy smoking was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia compared to never-smoking in Chinese adults.
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