Prognostic Utility of the HFpEF-ABA Score for HFpEF Patients

Figures

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  Figure 1. Distribution of HFpEF-ABA Model-Based Probabilities in Americas and Russian/Georgian Cohorts (A) Americas cohort. (B) Russia/Georgia cohort. HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFpEF-ABA = a clinical model using age,body mass index, and history of atrial fibrillation.

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  Figure 2. Cumulative Incidence Curves for Clinical Outcomes in the Americas Cohort The combined primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for HF during the follow-up period. (A) Combined primary endpoint. (B) All-cause mortality. (C) Cardiovascular mortality. (D) Heart failure hospitalization. (E) Any hospitalizations. (F) Atrial fibrillation. (G) Myocardial infarction. (H) Stroke. Abbreviation as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 3. Cumulative Incidence Curves for Clinical Outcomes in the Russia/Georgia Cohort The combined primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for HF during the follow-up period. Abbreviation as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 4. Restricted Cubic Splines of HFpEF-ABA Probabilities and Clinical Outcomes in Russian/Georgia Cohort Cox model included adjustments for gender, randomization strata (previous HF hospitalization), randomization arm (spironolactone or placebo), New York Heart Association functional class, current smoker, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, history of coronary artery disease, history of stroke, and use of diuretic or aspirin. The combined primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for HF during the follow-up period. Abbreviation as in Figure 1.

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  Central Illustration. HFpEF-ABA Score: Regional Differences in Prognostic Performance The HFpEF-ABA score (age, BMI, atrial fibrillation) showed stronger prognostic associations in Russia/Georgia than Americas, reflecting population heterogeneity and diagnostic certainty rather than geographic variation. HFpEF-ABA scores discriminated effectively in heterogeneous populations but show ceiling effects in well-phenotyped cohorts. AF = atrial fibrillation; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFpEF-ABA = a clinical model using age, body mass index, and history of atrial fibrillation.