Association between treatment-induced changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure: a trial-level meta-regression analysis

Figures

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  Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram of study selection.

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  Fig. 2. Association between changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and clinical outcomes. Each circle represents a trial, labeled with a letter corresponding to the trials listed in Table 1. The x-axis indicates the between-group difference in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) change, and the y-axis indicates the treatment effect on the composite endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization (a), CV death (b), and HF hospitalization (c). Bubble size reflects the trial weight in the random-effects meta-regression. The y-axis is presented on the hazard ratio scale for clinical interpretability, with the underlying regression analysis performed on the log-hazard ratio scale.