Meteorology‐Informed Coordinated Operation of Low‐Carbon Park Energy System Considering Electric Vehicle Clusters and Energy Storage

With the increasing integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy in industrial parks, achieving coordinated low‐carbon operation of park‐level energy systems has become a critical challenge. Meteorological conditions introduce significant uncertainty in renewable generation, making its effective management pivotal to system operation. This paper proposes a meteorology‐informed price‐based bilevel optimisation framework. In the upper level, the operator minimises the total operating cost and carbon emissions of the park by considering fuel expenditure, grid transactions and carbon trading. The optimised price is endogenously determined to reflect the marginal supply cost together with the carbon shadow price. In the lower level, the aggregated EV cluster and energy storage system (ESS) respond to this price by scheduling their charging and discharging behaviours to achieve both economic efficiency and carbon reduction. The model jointly optimises economic dispatch, carbon mitigation and price coordination among multiple energy resources. Case studies based on an actual industrial park verify the effectiveness of the framework. The results demonstrate that it significantly reduces total carbon emissions, enhances renewable energy utilisation and improves flexibility in energy scheduling. Overall, the proposed framework provides a practical and scalable solution for intelligent and low‐carbon operation of modern industrial parks.