Demand-Driven Management of Field Work Practice (PKL) to Strengthen Vocational Sports Competencies: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines how a demand-driven management model for Field Work Practice (PKL) strengthens vocational students' sports competencies for Indonesia's sports industry. We screened Scopus-indexed studies (2019–2025) using PRISMA procedures and synthesized 30 eligible articles. The thematic analysis covered curriculum alignment, collaboration architectures, assessment practices, and student outcomes. Findings indicate that PKL designed with employers—through co-authored goals, clear task briefings, structured mentoring, and logbook/rubric-based evaluation—consistently improves technical execution, digital literacy, service quality, communication and leadership, and entrepreneurial orientation. Governance features that matter include tri-partite school–industry–government partnerships, agreed supervision routines, and feedback loops that update curricula. Differentiating task scope for large hosts versus SMEs and embedding safe-practice standards help stabilize learning value and signaling to labor markets. In relation to our research questions, the review identifies core features that most reliably align training with employer needs, explains how collaboration and assessment shape competence gains and employability, and specifies contextual factors conditioning effectiveness across regions and segments. Policy and practice should institutionalize comparable supervision standards, strengthen link-and-match mechanisms, and integrate Teaching Factory and digital tools to sustain relevance.