Feasibility of a heart failure management programme using Remote Dielectric Sensing technology for the non-invasive lung fluid monitoring in primary care: A mixed-methods study

AIMS: Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) technology noninvasively assesses lung congestion, but its value in primary care remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a ReDS-guided heart failure (HF) management programme in primary care. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 1-month programme, including ReDS measurements, a decision-support algorithm for diuretic adjustments, follow-up, and support for patient symptom monitoring, was provided to 18 patients with HF (mean age 81 years, mean ReDS values 33.6 ± 6.0 indicating optimal volume status) in one rural primary care centre. The feasibility areas of acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, and limited efficacy were evaluated in a mixed-methods study. Data were collected from 18 patients with HF and two healthcare professionals (HCPs) at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Acceptability: Patients found the programme satisfactory, while HCPs expressed uncertainty about using the algorithm for patients with deviating ReDS values but no worsening symptoms. Demand: Patients recognized the potential to prevent hospitalizations. Healthcare professionals perceived higher demand in rural settings. Practicality: The ReDS technology was found practical and easy to use. Implementation: Fidelity was partial, with algorithm-recommended clinical actions not always implemented. Limited efficacy: Self-care improved with a medium effect size and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), with a small effect size. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of a ReDS-guided HF management programme, which may enable early detection of subclinical congestion and improve outcomes for patients with HF in primary care settings. Further effort is necessary to refine the algorithm and improve its fidelity.