Highway Engineering Construction Safety Risk Evaluation Based on Decision Tree Algorithm

In addressing the safety risks in highway engineering construction, based on the established highway engineering construction safety risk evaluation index system, the decision tree algorithm (ID3 algorithm) was employed to construct a binary tree relationship model between risk factors and “whether it leads to safety incidents in construction.” Information gain was used to determine the weight coefficients of each risk factor. By integrating a risk matrix model, a quantitative evaluation of safety risks in highway engineering construction was achieved. Through practical case validation, the model effectively identifies high-risk factors and determines risk levels. In the case study, the results indicate a moderate risk level. By integrating the ID3 algorithm and risk matrix, the study overcomes the limitations of traditional subjective methods, offering objective risk assessment and intuitive decision-making support. The results demonstrate the model’s practicality for risk control in highway engineering.