Oral Health Practices and Beliefs amongst Indian Tribes: A Narrative Review of Traditional Systems and Health Inequities

India’s tribal communities, though rich in cultural heritage, face persistent challenges in achieving good oral health. This review draws on literature from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and government reports, using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords. Data extraction was carried out independently by two authors and thematically analysed. To address these disparities, a multilevel approach rooted in the upstream–midstream–downstream model is proposed. Upstream efforts should include inclusive health policies and fiscal regulations that honour tribal traditions while promoting evidence-based care. Midstream actions must focus on empowering communities through the training of local health workers. Downstream strategies should ensure timely, accessible treatment via primary healthcare centres, mobile clinics and outreach programs. Improving tribal oral health goes beyond infrastructure; it requires a culturally sensitive, community-led approach grounded in social justice, inclusion and respect for traditional knowledge.