The development of fire-resilient sustainable building materials is crucial for preventing catastrophic failures and addressing the strength degradation experienced by construction materials when exposed to high temperatures. The potential of waste-derived carbon black nanoparticles (CBN) to enhance the thermo-mechanical properties of cement mortar was explored in this work, addressing the dual challenges of sustainability and fire resistance. Mortars containing 0–3% CBN were compared with a control mix. Incorporating 2% CBN notably increased the compressive strength and thermal resistance even after exposure to temperatures up to 800°C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a denser microstructure in the CBN mortars, contributing to their enhanced strength. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the stability of cementitious phases at elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that CBN act as nucleation sites for hydration products, highlighting the potential of waste-derived CBN for developing sustainable concrete with improved fire resistance and compressive strength.
Kumar et al. (2026) studied this question.