What question did this study set out to answer?

This analysis aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of various noninvasive neuromodulation treatments for migraine prevention.

Effectiveness and Safety of Noninvasive Neuromodulation for Migraine Prevention: A Network Meta‐Analysis

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Network meta-analysis compares efficacy and safety of noninvasive neuromodulation for migraine prevention, suggesting optimal interventions.

This analysis aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of various noninvasive neuromodulation treatments for migraine prevention.
Conducted a systematic search of four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on noninvasive neuromodulation for migraines.
Included articles after strict screening, followed by data extraction and quality assessment.
Performed a network meta-analysis using a frequentist model to compare different interventions and rank them based on efficacy and safety.
Utilized surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) and league table to draw conclusions.
Twenty-four RCTs with 2347 patients were analyzed.
No intervention significantly reduced monthly migraine days compared to placebo.
Percutaneous mastoid electrical stimulation (PMES) was found to be the most effective and safest intervention with a SUCRA of 78.8%.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) demonstrated the best safety profile, with a SUCRA of 72.2% when excluding high-risk trials.

Feng et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Network meta-analysis compares efficacy and safety of noninvasive neuromodulation for migraine prevention, suggesting optimal interventions.